Issues

Sachihiro Matsunaga studies the nuclear structure and chromatin dynamics of plants.

Koestel and Batoko preview work from the Kang and Dagdas labs that reveals the existence of amphisome compartments in plant cells and identifies CFS1 as a bridging adaptor for amphisome formation.

Babcock and Pruitt preview work from Kang et al. describing how LLPS of Dishevelled promotes assembly of Wnt signalosome condensates while also disrupting the β-catenin destruction complex.

Kristin Eckel-Mahan previews work from Sánchez-Ramírez and Ung et al. that elucidates how NAD⁺ metabolism modulates the early stages of adipogenic differentiation whereas SIRT1’s effects are limited to terminal stages.

Eva Marie Wenzel and Camila Raiborg highlight work from Verweij and colleagues which examines the mechanisms by which ER–endosome contact sites modulate exosome maturation and secretion.

MR1 is a conserved molecule that binds microbial vitamin B metabolites and presents them to unconventional T cells. Lim and colleagues uncover the role of AP2 in ensuring MR1 surface presentation, which relies on an atypical motif within the MR1 cytoplasmic tail.

Zhu et al. review the current knowledge on how mTORC1 activity is connected to cell death regulation through metabolic and signaling pathways.

Mitochondrial protein mitoguardin-2, at contacts with the ER or with lipid droplets (LDs), binds fatty acids and phospholipids, and non-specifically transfers phospholipids between membranes in vitro. Its lipid transfer ability is required for roles in mitochondrial and LD biology.

Kang et al. demonstrate that Dvl2 undergoes phase separation and displays a rapid accumulation to the plasma membrane upon Wnt stimulation. Dvl2 phase separation plays a crucial role in assembly of the Wnt receptor signalosome and disruption of the β-catenin destruction complex.

Kono et al. show the rapid recruitment of nucleoplasmic lamin C to sites of nuclear envelope rupture with barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF). Lamin A/C is also involved in nuclear BAF accumulation and cytoplasmic cGAS association with chromatin at the rupture sites.

Karasu et al. aim to shed light on mechanisms of how the length and structural integrity of centrioles, which are stable microtubule-based structures, are ensured. They show that the centriolar protein CEP350 regulates length, stability, and maturation of centrioles and identify CEP350 as guardian of centriole integrity.

Mitotic entry is regulated by the activity of cyclin B1-CDK1 complexes. In this study, Dantas et al. show that actomyosin-dependent nuclear tension during prophase regulates cyclin B1 nuclear translocation and has implications for chromosome segregation efficiency.

Chromosome separation is coupled with cleavage furrow formation during anaphase. Sana, Rajeevan, et al. demonstrate that the mutually exclusive localization of NuMA and Ect2/Cyk4/Mklp1 ensures dynein/dynactin and RhoA at distinct membrane zones to coordinate chromosome separation with cleavage furrow formation.

Sánchez-Ramirez, Ung et al. show that NAD⁺ bioavailability controls adipogenic differentiation obstructing adipocyte commitment, downregulating ribosomal proteins–coding genes and leading to quiescent metabolic state. Instead, the NAD⁺-dependent SIRT1 deacetylase is essential for terminal differentiation of pre-adipocytes and regulates subcellular compartmentalization of redox metabolism during adipogenesis.

Exosomes are derived from endosomal compartments with an ill-defined molecular identity and whose trafficking steps to secretion are poorly understood. Using advanced imaging approaches, the authors identified these compartments as pre-lysosomal endosomes that require dynamic membrane contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum to induce a prosecretory cascade of small-GTPases.

The biogenesis of secretory granules (SGs) is poorly understood. Here, we show that chromogranin proteins form a liquid scaffold upon entry into the milieu of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). These scaffolds recruit clients such as proinsulin and facilitate their transport to SGs.

To sense potential mating partners’ positions, yeast uses a default polarity site to assemble a gradient tracking machine (GTM), which redistributes up the pheromone gradient. Here, Wang et al. show that GTM redistribution requires default-site inactivation and actin-independent vesicle delivery.

Hiragi et al. identify TBC1D18 as a Rab5-GAP that is associated with Mon1 and mediates endosome maturation. They propose a new endosome maturation model in which Mon1–Ccz1 together with TBC1D18 coordinates endosome maturation by inactivating Rab5 and activating Rab7.

Zhao et al. reveal amphisome compartments in plant cells. By characterizing the autophagy adaptor CFS1 that can interact with both ATG8, and the ESCRT-I complex subunit VPS23A; they show that autophagosomes are sorted at amphisomes before arriving their final destination, the central vacuole.

Liu et al. identify WDR91 as an important player in retromer-dependent recycling. WDR91 promotes the interaction of Rab7 with SNX-retromer components and interacts with FAM21, facilitating the formation of the endosomal retrieval subdomain.

Jia et al. identify cholesterol as the primary lipid responsible for interaction between Vibrio cholerae toxin MakA and host membranes. They further characterize a sophisticated mechanism of recurrent membrane damage regulated by pH-dependent pore formation, leading to V-ATPase-dependent unconventional LC3 lipidation on damaged endolysosomal membranes.

Filippone et al. show that the frequent activation of PKCs leads to aberrant phosphorylation of the tumor suppressor Numb in breast cancer. Aberrantly phosphorylated Numb fails to determine asymmetric cell division, resulting in expansion of the cancer stem cell compartment, associated with an aggressive disease course.

González and Cullen demonstrate that the Rho GTPase Cdc42 is degraded by a NEDD4 ubiquitin ligase and HSP40 and HSP70 proteins to regulate the activity of the protein. Moreover, a Cdc42p-interacting protein prevents its degradation to control the filamentous growth MAPK pathway.

Weier et al. demonstrate that dendritic cell maturation upon antigen encounter leads to a modified cell division cycle accompanied by accumulation and untimely duplication of centrioles. Extra centrosomes act as functional microtubule-organizing centers, which promote immune cells’ effector functions such as directional locomotion, cytokine secretion, and T cell activation.

Decoupling of the functions between ALK3 and BMPRII: ALK3 segregation in focal adhesion is BMP2 dependent and BMPRII independent to control cell adhesion processes and SMAD stability.

Lim et al. investigate the internalization mechanism of the antigen presenting molecule, MR1. Recognition of a conserved atypical motif in MR1’s cytoplasmic tail by AP2 defines the endocytosis rate and duration of MR1–metabolite cell surface display, functioning as the “off” switch for MR1 presentation.