Issues

Carballido and Santamaria discuss the opportunities and challenges of moving preclinical antigen-specific approaches into the clinic.

Neuraminidase inhibition contributes to influenza A virus neutralization.

In this review, Zheng and Cantley provide a historical perspective of the folate metabolism field, delve into folate chemistry that is often overlooked, and point out various missing links and underdeveloped areas in folate metabolism for future exploration.

This study shows that mice with an ALS-linked heterozygous Tbk1 deletion are normal until at least 200 d of age. However, proteostatic and neuroinflammatory challenge by additional expression of mutant SOD1 unmasks a two-edged role of TBK1 in motoneuron disease.

3K3A-APC exerts beneficial therapeutic effects in models of neurological disorders and is currently in development for human stroke. The authors show that 3K3A-APC inhibits BACE1 amyloidogenic pathway in mice, suggesting 3K3A-APC is an effective antiamyloid prevention therapy for Alzheimer’s disease.

SARM1 is the central executioner of the axonal degeneration program. Here, Geisler et al. developed SARM1 dominant-negative transgenes that potently block pathological axon degeneration in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting wild-type SARM1, an approach that could be translated to the clinic.

Kosik et al. report that antibodies binding to influenza A virus hemagglutinin stem exert antiviral activity by inhibiting viral neuraminidase, inhibiting nascent virion release from infected cells, and enhancing Fc-triggered activation of innate immune cells.

T follicular helper cells promote the generation of protective antibodies, but can also foster pathogenic antibodies. The ATP-gated P2X7 receptor selectively limits the expansion of Tfh cells that amplify self-reactive antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Appropriate macrophage responsiveness to IL-10 is crucial for the maintenance of gut immune homeostasis. Xiao et al. demonstrate that phosphatase Shp2 restrains IL-10–mediated deactivation of macrophages and thus supports the progression of intestinal inflammation.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can maintain chronic inflammation. Weckbach et al. provide evidence that neutrophil infiltration and NET formation driven by the cytokine midkine foster cardiac inflammation in myocarditis.

In autoimmune myocarditis, self-reactive T cells attack cardiac antigens and contribute to heart inflammation. In this study, Anzai et al. show that the T cell–derived cytokine and growth factor IL-3 amplifies inflammation and exacerbates autoimmune myocarditis.

A functional genomics approach uncovers previously undescribed cell type–dependent responses that can be linked to the immunoregulatory actions of glucocorticoids in humans.

Generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) is a vascular disorder characterized by diffuse or multifocal lymphatic malformations (LMs). Here, Rodriguez-Laguna et al. report that somatic activating PIK3CA mutations can cause GLA, and we provide preclinical and clinical evidence to support the use of rapamycin for the treatment of GLA.

Head and neck cancer patients taking NSAIDs with PIK3CA tumor alterations demonstrate improved survival. Studies in relevant preclinical models implicate signaling via COX2-mediated production of PGE₂ as an underlying mechanism for this survival benefit.

Wnt5a from osteoblastic niche induces and maintains the dormancy of prostate cancer cells in bone and inhibits bone metastasis in a preventive manner, uncovering a potential therapeutic utility of Wnt5a in the treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer.

This study identifies a novel therapeutic strategy against cisplatin-resistant lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) using mouse models and patient samples. LSCC chemoresistance depends on LUBAC and high NF-κB activity, mechanisms that can be targeted to increase therapy response.