Immune responses are gated to protect the host against specific antigens and microbes, a task that is achieved through antigen- and pattern-specific receptors. Less appreciated is that in order to optimize responses and to avoid collateral damage to the host, immune responses must be additionally gated in intensity and time. An evolutionary solution to this challenge is provided by the circadian clock, an ancient time-keeping mechanism that anticipates environmental changes and represents a fundamental property of immunity. Immune responses, however, are not exclusive to immune cells and demand the coordinated action of nonhematopoietic cells interspersed within the architecture of tissues. Here, we review the circadian features of innate immunity as they encompass effector immune cells as well as structural cells that orchestrate their responses in space and time. We finally propose models in which the central clock, structural elements, and immune cells establish multidirectional circadian circuits that may shape the efficacy and strength of immune responses and other physiological processes.
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December 29 2020
Circadian immune circuits
Miguel Palomino-Segura,
Miguel Palomino-Segura
Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Andrés Hidalgo
Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence to Andrés Hidalgo: ahidalgo@cnic.es
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Miguel Palomino-Segura
Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Andrés Hidalgo
Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence to Andrés Hidalgo: ahidalgo@cnic.es
Received:
October 09 2020
Revision Received:
November 18 2020
Accepted:
November 19 2020
Online Issn: 1540-9538
Print Issn: 0022-1007
Funding:
Federation of European Biochemical Societies
(NO AWARD)
Fondation Leducq
(TNE-18CVD04)
© 2020 Palomino-Segura and Hidalgo
2020
This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
J Exp Med (2021) 218 (2): e20200798.
Article history
Received:
October 09 2020
Revision Received:
November 18 2020
Accepted:
November 19 2020
Citation
Miguel Palomino-Segura, Andrés Hidalgo; Circadian immune circuits. J Exp Med 1 February 2021; 218 (2): e20200798. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20200798
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