| Circuit . | Pathway . | A . | B . | C . | D . | Oscillating signal . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | MCs | Neutrophils | Infected tissue, BM, cardiovasculature | CXCL2, CXCR2, CXCL12, CXCR4 | Méndez-Ferrer et al., 2008; Adrover et al., 2019 |
| 2 | A-B-C-D | Glucocorticoid receptors | EpCs | Neutrophils | Infected tissue, lungs | CXCL5 | Gibbs et al., 2014 |
| 3 | A-C-C-D | VIP neurons | — | ILC2s, eosinophils | Gut | IL-5, IL-13 | Nussbaum et al., 2013 |
| 4 | A-C-B-D | VIP neurons | EpCs | ILC3s | Gut | IL-22, Reg3γ, lipid transport | Talbot et al., 2020 |
| 5 | B-C-D | — | MCs | Monocytes | Inflamed tissue | Proinflammatory cytokines | Hand et al., 2019 |
| 6 | A-C-D | Infection | — | Microglia | Brain | P2Y6 receptor, microglial processes | Takayama et al., 2016 |
| 7 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors, cholinergic signals | MCs | Neutrophils | BM | CXCl12 | Méndez-Ferrer et al., 2008; García-García et al., 2019 |
| 8 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | ECs | Neutrophils | Inflamed tissue, BM, cardiovasculature | Icam-1, Selectins, VCAM-1, CCL2 | Scheiermann et al., 2012 |
| 9 | C-C-D | — | — | Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)–derived macrophages, neutrophils | Infected tissue | Proinflammatory cytokines | Kiessling et al., 2017 |
| 10 | C-C-B-D | — | MCs | Neutrophils, HSC-derived macrophages | BM | LXR, CXCL12 | Casanova-Acebes et al., 2013 |
| 11 | C-D | — | — | Neutrophils | Lungs | Lung transcriptome | Casanova-Acebes et al., 2018 |
| 12 | C-C-D | — | — | Neutrophils, HSC-derived macrophages | Gut, BM | IL-23, G-CSF | Casanova-Acebes et al., 2018 |
| 13 | C-C-D | — | — | HSC-derived macrophages, eosinophils | Lungs | IL-5, proinflammatory cytokines | Zasłona et al., 2017 |
| 14 | A-C-D | Glucocorticoids | — | Mast cells | Inflamed tissue | FcεRI expression | Nakamura et al., 2016 |
| 15 | A-C-C-D | Feeding metabolic cues | — | DC, lymphocytes | Infected tissue | IL-12 | Hopwood et al., 2018 |
| 16 | C-D | — | — | DC, lymphocytes | Spleen | TLR expression | Silver et al., 2012b, 2018 |
| 17 | A-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | — | NK cells | Spleen | TNF-α, granzyme B, perforin | Wahle et al., 2001; Logan et al., 2011 |
| 18 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | ECs | NK cells | Infected tissue | CXCR4 | He et al., 2018 |
| 19 | A-C-D | Light-derived signals | — | ILC3s | Gut | Epithelial reactivity genes, microbiome composition, lipid epithelial transporters, CCR9 | Godinho-Silva et al., 2019b |
| 20 | A-C-D | Microbiota/light-derived signals | — | ILC3s | Gut | IL-17, IL-22, NFIL3, RORγT | Teng et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019 |
| 21 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | ECs | Monocytes | BM, inflamed tissue | Icam-1, Selectins, VCAM-1, CCL2 | Scheiermann et al., 2012 |
| 22 | C-D | — | — | Monocytes | BM, liver, lungs, infected/inflamed tissues, cardiovasculature | CXCR4, CCL2 | Chong et al., 2016; He et al., 2018; Nguyen et al., 2013; Huo et al., 2017; Winter et al., 2018; Schloss et al., 2017 |
| 23 | C-D | — | — | Microglia | Brain | Morphology, purinergic receptors | Hayashi, 2013 |
| 24 | C-D | — | — | Microglia | Brain | Cathepsin S | Hayashi et al., 2013 |
| 25 | C-D | Not glucocorticoids | — | Microglia | Brain | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 | Fonken et al., 2015 |
| 26 | A-C-D | Glucocorticoids | — | Microglia | Brain | Phagocytosis | Choudhury et al., 2020 |
| 27 | C-D | — | — | KCs | Liver | TLR4 signals | Wang et al., 2018 |
| 28 | A-C-D | Feeding metabolic cues | — | KCs | Liver | TNF-α | Guerrero-Vargas et al., 2015 |
| 29 | C-D | — | — | LCs | Skin | IRF7 | Greenberg et al., 2020 |
| 30 | A-C-C-D | Melatonin | — | LCs, lymphoid T cells | Infected tissue | Migration to lymph nodes | Prendergast et al., 2013 |
| 31 | A-B-D | Glucocorticoids | EpCs | — | Lungs | cell molecular clock | Gibbs et al., 2009 |
| 32 | A-B-D | LPS treatment | EpCs | — | Lungs | Proinflammatory cytokines, REV-ERBα degradation | Pariollaud et al., 2018 |
| 33 | A-C-B-D | Microbiota | EpCs | ILC3s | Gut | NFIL3 | Wang et al., 2017 |
| Circuit . | Pathway . | A . | B . | C . | D . | Oscillating signal . | References . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | MCs | Neutrophils | Infected tissue, BM, cardiovasculature | CXCL2, CXCR2, CXCL12, CXCR4 | Méndez-Ferrer et al., 2008; Adrover et al., 2019 |
| 2 | A-B-C-D | Glucocorticoid receptors | EpCs | Neutrophils | Infected tissue, lungs | CXCL5 | Gibbs et al., 2014 |
| 3 | A-C-C-D | VIP neurons | — | ILC2s, eosinophils | Gut | IL-5, IL-13 | Nussbaum et al., 2013 |
| 4 | A-C-B-D | VIP neurons | EpCs | ILC3s | Gut | IL-22, Reg3γ, lipid transport | Talbot et al., 2020 |
| 5 | B-C-D | — | MCs | Monocytes | Inflamed tissue | Proinflammatory cytokines | Hand et al., 2019 |
| 6 | A-C-D | Infection | — | Microglia | Brain | P2Y6 receptor, microglial processes | Takayama et al., 2016 |
| 7 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors, cholinergic signals | MCs | Neutrophils | BM | CXCl12 | Méndez-Ferrer et al., 2008; García-García et al., 2019 |
| 8 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | ECs | Neutrophils | Inflamed tissue, BM, cardiovasculature | Icam-1, Selectins, VCAM-1, CCL2 | Scheiermann et al., 2012 |
| 9 | C-C-D | — | — | Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)–derived macrophages, neutrophils | Infected tissue | Proinflammatory cytokines | Kiessling et al., 2017 |
| 10 | C-C-B-D | — | MCs | Neutrophils, HSC-derived macrophages | BM | LXR, CXCL12 | Casanova-Acebes et al., 2013 |
| 11 | C-D | — | — | Neutrophils | Lungs | Lung transcriptome | Casanova-Acebes et al., 2018 |
| 12 | C-C-D | — | — | Neutrophils, HSC-derived macrophages | Gut, BM | IL-23, G-CSF | Casanova-Acebes et al., 2018 |
| 13 | C-C-D | — | — | HSC-derived macrophages, eosinophils | Lungs | IL-5, proinflammatory cytokines | Zasłona et al., 2017 |
| 14 | A-C-D | Glucocorticoids | — | Mast cells | Inflamed tissue | FcεRI expression | Nakamura et al., 2016 |
| 15 | A-C-C-D | Feeding metabolic cues | — | DC, lymphocytes | Infected tissue | IL-12 | Hopwood et al., 2018 |
| 16 | C-D | — | — | DC, lymphocytes | Spleen | TLR expression | Silver et al., 2012b, 2018 |
| 17 | A-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | — | NK cells | Spleen | TNF-α, granzyme B, perforin | Wahle et al., 2001; Logan et al., 2011 |
| 18 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | ECs | NK cells | Infected tissue | CXCR4 | He et al., 2018 |
| 19 | A-C-D | Light-derived signals | — | ILC3s | Gut | Epithelial reactivity genes, microbiome composition, lipid epithelial transporters, CCR9 | Godinho-Silva et al., 2019b |
| 20 | A-C-D | Microbiota/light-derived signals | — | ILC3s | Gut | IL-17, IL-22, NFIL3, RORγT | Teng et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019 |
| 21 | A-B-C-D | β-Adrenergic receptors | ECs | Monocytes | BM, inflamed tissue | Icam-1, Selectins, VCAM-1, CCL2 | Scheiermann et al., 2012 |
| 22 | C-D | — | — | Monocytes | BM, liver, lungs, infected/inflamed tissues, cardiovasculature | CXCR4, CCL2 | Chong et al., 2016; He et al., 2018; Nguyen et al., 2013; Huo et al., 2017; Winter et al., 2018; Schloss et al., 2017 |
| 23 | C-D | — | — | Microglia | Brain | Morphology, purinergic receptors | Hayashi, 2013 |
| 24 | C-D | — | — | Microglia | Brain | Cathepsin S | Hayashi et al., 2013 |
| 25 | C-D | Not glucocorticoids | — | Microglia | Brain | IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 | Fonken et al., 2015 |
| 26 | A-C-D | Glucocorticoids | — | Microglia | Brain | Phagocytosis | Choudhury et al., 2020 |
| 27 | C-D | — | — | KCs | Liver | TLR4 signals | Wang et al., 2018 |
| 28 | A-C-D | Feeding metabolic cues | — | KCs | Liver | TNF-α | Guerrero-Vargas et al., 2015 |
| 29 | C-D | — | — | LCs | Skin | IRF7 | Greenberg et al., 2020 |
| 30 | A-C-C-D | Melatonin | — | LCs, lymphoid T cells | Infected tissue | Migration to lymph nodes | Prendergast et al., 2013 |
| 31 | A-B-D | Glucocorticoids | EpCs | — | Lungs | cell molecular clock | Gibbs et al., 2009 |
| 32 | A-B-D | LPS treatment | EpCs | — | Lungs | Proinflammatory cytokines, REV-ERBα degradation | Pariollaud et al., 2018 |
| 33 | A-C-B-D | Microbiota | EpCs | ILC3s | Gut | NFIL3 | Wang et al., 2017 |