The phototransduction cascade enables the photoreceptor to detect light over a wide range of intensities without saturation. The main second messenger of the cascade is cGMP and the primary regulatory mechanism is calcium feedback. However, some experimental data suggest that cAMP may also play a role in regulating the phototransduction cascade, but this would require changes in cAMP on a time scale of seconds. Currently, there is a lack of data on the dynamics of changes in intracellular cAMP levels on this timescale. This is largely due to the specificity of the sensory modality of photoreceptors, which makes it practically impossible to use conventional experimental approaches based on fluorescence methods. In this study, we employed the method of rapid cryofixation of retinal samples after light stimulation and subsequent isolation of outer segment preparations. The study employed highly sensitive metabolomics approaches to measure levels of cAMP. Additionally, PKA activity was measured in the samples using a western blot. The results indicate that when exposed to near-saturating but still moderate light, cAMP levels increase transiently within the first second and then return to pre-stimulus levels. The increase in cAMP activates PKA, resulting in the phosphorylation of PKA-specific substrates in frog retinal outer segments.
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4 November 2024
Communication|
October 22 2024
Light induces a rapid increase in cAMP and activates PKA in rod outer segments of the frog retina
Olga Chernyshkova
,
Olga Chernyshkova
(Formal analysis, Investigation)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Natalia Erofeeva
,
Natalia Erofeeva
(Methodology, Writing - original draft)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Darya Meshalkina
,
Darya Meshalkina
(Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing - review & editing)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Anna Balykina
,
Anna Balykina
(Investigation, Visualization)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Stepan Gambaryan
,
Stepan Gambaryan
(Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Michael Belyakov
,
Michael Belyakov
(Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
2
Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology
, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Michael Firsov
(Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing)
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Correspondence to Michael Firsov: [email protected]
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Olga Chernyshkova
Formal analysis, Investigation
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Natalia Erofeeva
Methodology, Writing - original draft
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Darya Meshalkina
Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing - review & editing
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Anna Balykina
Investigation, Visualization
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Stepan Gambaryan
Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Michael Belyakov
Investigation, Methodology, Writing - original draft
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
2
Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Michael Firsov
Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
1
Sechenov Institute for Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences
, St. Petersburg, Russia
Correspondence to Michael Firsov: [email protected]
Disclosures: D. Meshalkina reported grants from the Russian Ministry of Science and Education project 075-15-2022-296 World-class research center Pavlov Center “Integrative Physiology to Medicine, High-Tech Healthcare and Technologies of Stress Resistance” outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
Received:
December 19 2023
Revision Received:
February 29 2024
Revision Received:
July 17 2024
Accepted:
September 17 2024
Online ISSN: 1540-7748
Print ISSN: 0022-1295
Funder(s):
Russian Science Foundation
- Award Id(s): # 22-25-00656
© 2024 Chernyshkova et al.
2024
Chernyshkova et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
J Gen Physiol (2024) 156 (11): e202313530.
Article history
Received:
December 19 2023
Revision Received:
February 29 2024
Revision Received:
July 17 2024
Accepted:
September 17 2024
Citation
Olga Chernyshkova, Natalia Erofeeva, Darya Meshalkina, Anna Balykina, Stepan Gambaryan, Michael Belyakov, Michael Firsov; Light induces a rapid increase in cAMP and activates PKA in rod outer segments of the frog retina. J Gen Physiol 4 November 2024; 156 (11): e202313530. doi: https://doi.org/10.1085/jgp.202313530
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