Recent and accumulating work in experimental animal models and humans shows that diet has a much more pervasive and prominent role than previously thought in modulating neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms leading to some of the most common chronic central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Chronic or intermittent food restriction has profound effects in shaping brain and peripheral metabolism, immunity, and gut microbiome biology. Interactions among calorie intake, meal frequency, diet quality, and the gut microbiome modulate specific metabolic and molecular pathways that regulate cellular, tissue, and organ homeostasis as well as inflammation during normal brain aging and CNS neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, among others. This review discusses these findings and their potential application to the prevention and treatment of CNS neuroinflammatory diseases and the promotion of healthy brain aging.
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January 08 2021
Effects of dietary restriction on neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases
Luigi Fontana,
Luigi Fontana
Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
1
Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
2
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
3
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
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Laura Ghezzi,
Laura Ghezzi
Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing - original draft
4
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
5
University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Anne H. Cross,
Anne H. Cross
Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
4
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Laura Piccio
Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
4
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
6
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Correspondence to Laura Piccio: laura.piccio@sydney.edu.au
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Luigi Fontana
Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
1
Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
2
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
3
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University, Brescia, Italy
Laura Ghezzi
Conceptualization, Visualization, Writing - original draft
4
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
5
University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Anne H. Cross
Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
4
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
Laura Piccio
Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Resources, Supervision, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
4
Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
6
Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Correspondence to Laura Piccio: laura.piccio@sydney.edu.au
Received:
May 19 2020
Revision Received:
September 29 2020
Accepted:
November 30 2020
Online Issn: 1540-9538
Print Issn: 0022-1007
Funding:
Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla
(FISM 2014/R/15, FISM 2018/B/1)
National Health and Medical Research Council
(APP1177797)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
(R01 NS102633-01)
National Institutes of Health
(NO AWARD)
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
(FG-1907-34474)
© 2021 Fontana et al.
2021
This article is distributed under the terms of an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike–No Mirror Sites license for the first six months after the publication date (see http://www.rupress.org/terms/). After six months it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 4.0 International license, as described at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/).
J Exp Med (2021) 218 (2): e20190086.
Article history
Received:
May 19 2020
Revision Received:
September 29 2020
Accepted:
November 30 2020
Citation
Luigi Fontana, Laura Ghezzi, Anne H. Cross, Laura Piccio; Effects of dietary restriction on neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. J Exp Med 1 February 2021; 218 (2): e20190086. doi: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20190086
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