RANK brings Aire into the thymus

A group of epithelial cells in the thymus guard against autoimmunity by presenting self-antigens to developing T cells—those T cells that take the bait are then killed. On page 1267, Rossi et al. identify the signaling pathway that creates this epithelial barrier and the cells that activate this pathway.

Self-reactive T cells are eliminated when they latch on to self-antigens presented by a small subset of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). The self-antigens are derived from tissue-restricted proteins whose genes are expressed in the specialized mTECs under the supervision of the transcription factor Aire. Humans and mice that lack Aire develop multiorgan autoimmunity, but the mechanism that turns on Aire in the mTECs was not known.

Rossi et al. now show that Aire is activated in the mTECs through...