α-Herpesviruses constitute closely related neurotropic viruses, including herpes simplex virus in man and pseudorabies virus (PRV) in pigs. Peripheral sensory neurons, such as trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, are predominant target cells for virus spread and lifelong latent infections. We report that in vitro infection of swine TG neurons with the homologous swine α-herpesvirus PRV results in the appearance of numerous synaptophysin-positive synaptic boutons (varicosities) along the axons. Nonneuronal cells that were juxtaposed to these varicosities became preferentially infected with PRV, suggesting that varicosities serve as axonal exit sites for the virus. Viral envelope glycoprotein D (gD) was found to be necessary and sufficient for the induction of varicosities. Inhibition of Cdc42 Rho GTPase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways strongly suppressed gD-induced varicosity formation. These data represent a novel aspect of the cell biology of α-herpesvirus infections of sensory neurons, demonstrating that virus attachment/entry is associated with signaling events and neuronal changes that may prepare efficient egress of progeny virus.
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17 July 2006
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July 10 2006
α-Herpesvirus glycoprotein D interaction with sensory neurons triggers formation of varicosities that serve as virus exit sites
Hans J. Nauwynck,
Hans J. Nauwynck
1Laboratory of Virology and
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Kristin Geenen,
Kristin Geenen
1Laboratory of Virology and
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Claude Krummenacher,
Claude Krummenacher
3Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, and
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Gary H. Cohen,
Gary H. Cohen
3Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, and
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Roselyn J. Eisenberg,
Roselyn J. Eisenberg
4Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Thomas C. Mettenleiter,
Thomas C. Mettenleiter
5Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Biology, D-17493 Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany
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Herman W. Favoreel
Herman W. Favoreel
1Laboratory of Virology and
2Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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Nick De Regge
1Laboratory of Virology and
Hans J. Nauwynck
1Laboratory of Virology and
Kristin Geenen
1Laboratory of Virology and
Claude Krummenacher
3Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, and
Gary H. Cohen
3Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, and
Roselyn J. Eisenberg
4Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Thomas C. Mettenleiter
5Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Biology, D-17493 Greifswald–Insel Riems, Germany
Herman W. Favoreel
1Laboratory of Virology and
2Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Correspondence to Herman W. Favoreel: [email protected]
Abbreviations used in this paper: BoHV, bovine herpesvirus; ERK, extracellular signal–regulated kinase; gD, glycoprotein D; HSV, herpes simplex virus; PFU, plaque-forming unit; PRV, pseudorabies virus; TG, trigeminal ganglion; WT, wild-type.
Received:
October 28 2005
Accepted:
June 14 2006
Online ISSN: 1540-8140
Print ISSN: 0021-9525
The Rockefeller University Press
2006
J Cell Biol (2006) 174 (2): 267–275.
Article history
Received:
October 28 2005
Accepted:
June 14 2006
Citation
Nick De Regge, Hans J. Nauwynck, Kristin Geenen, Claude Krummenacher, Gary H. Cohen, Roselyn J. Eisenberg, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Herman W. Favoreel; α-Herpesvirus glycoprotein D interaction with sensory neurons triggers formation of varicosities that serve as virus exit sites . J Cell Biol 17 July 2006; 174 (2): 267–275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200510156
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