STUDIES OF THE INNER AND OUTER PROTOPLASMIC SURFACES OF LARGE PLANT CELLS : I. PLASMOLYSIS DUE TO SALTS

In Nitella, Chara, Hydrodictyon, and Valonia the inner and outer non-aqueous protoplasmic surface layers can be separated by certain plasmolytic agents which penetrate the outer surface more rapidly than the inner and hence raise the osmotic pressure of the protoplasm lying between them and cause it to increase in thickness by taking up water from the central vacuole.

We may therefore conclude that the two surfaces differ. This idea is confirmed by earlier electrical measurements which show that when sap is placed outside the cell the chain

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produces an E.M.F. of several millivolts.