Gα13 Mediates a Signal That Is Essential for Proliferation and Survival of Thymocyte Progenitors

G protein signaling via the Gα12 family (Gα12 and Gα13) has not been well studied in T cells. To investigate whether Gα12 and Gα13 are involved in thymopoiesis, we expressed the regulator of G protein signaling domain of p115RhoGEF to inhibit Gα12 and Gα13 during thymopoiesis. Fetal thymus organ cultures seeded with p115ΔDH-expressing progenitor cells showed impaired thymopoiesis with a block at the CD4⁻CD8⁻CD44⁻CD25⁺ (DN3) stage. Using Gα13 or Gα12 minigenes, we demonstrated that Gα13, but not Gα12, is required for thymopoiesis. T progenitor cells expressing p115ΔDH showed reduced proliferation and increased cell death. T cell receptor stimulation of the fetal thymus organ cultures did not rescue the block. Overexpression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl2 rescued the defect in DN3 cells and partially rescued T cell development. Therefore, Gα13-mediated signaling is necessary in early thymocyte proliferation and survival.