SUBSTRATES OF HAGEMAN FACTOR : I. Isolation and Characterization of Human Factor XI (PTA) and Inhibition of the Activated Enzyme by α₁-Antitrypsin

Unactivated partial thromboplastin antecedent (PTA) has been purified by sequential chromatography of plasma on quaternary aminoethyl Sephadex, sulphoprophyl Sephadex, Sephadex G-150, and passage over an anti-IgG immunoadsorbant. The preparation gave a single band after alkaline disc gel electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in acrylamide gels and was found to have a mol wt of 175,000 by gel filtration, 163,000 by SDS gel electrophoresis, and an isoelectric point of 8.8–9.4 (peak 9.0–9.1). Pre-PTA was activated directly by activated Hageman factor or by Hageman factor prealbumin fragments. Its coagulant activity was inhibited by DFP, soybean trypsin inhibitor and trasylol but not by lima bean trypsin inhibitor or ovomucoid trypsin inhibitor indicating that activated PTA possesses the same inhibition profile utilizing these reagents as does plasma kallikrein. A major plasma inhibitor of activated PTA was found to be a 65,000 mol wt α-globulin which was isolated free of α₁-chymotrypsin inhibitor, inter α-trypsin inhibitor, α₂-macroglobulin, and the other known inhibitors of activated PTA, the activated first component of complement (C1 INH), and antithrombin III. Its physicochemical properties were identical to α₁-antitrypsin, and it was absent in α₁-antitrypsin-deficient plasma thereby identifying this PTA inhibitor as α₁-antitrypsin.