SIV loads are lower in monkeys given both a DNA vaccine and a DC-activating TLR ligand (red).

The use of DNA vaccines in humans has been limited by their relatively poor ability to build immunity against pathogens all on their own. Kwissa et al. (page 2733) now find that coinjecting a DNA vaccine with a Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand activates dendritic cells (DCs) and goads monkeys into putting up a better fight against SIV.

Because they are cheaper and easier to manufacture than recombinant protein vaccines, successful DNA vaccines are in high demand. So far, however, DNA vaccines targeted against malaria, hepatitis B, and HIV have failed to induce a strong immune response in either monkeys or humans.

For various other types of vaccines, TLR ligands are commonly coinjected to improve the patient's immune response. The ligands activate DCs, which in turn secrete immune-boosting...

The Rockefeller University Press
2007
The Rockefeller University Press
2007
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