In this Perspective, Casanova discusses the 30-year history and future implications of emerging science showing that monogenetic lesions, and autoimmune disorders targeting the same components of host defense, can underlie the same infection. He elucidates the basic biology and public health possibilities of this provocative idea.

Garcia-Solis et al. examine genetic testing advances in inborn errors of immunity, highlighting challenges in variant interpretation and the need for standardized approaches. The work emphasizes integrating clinical expertise with genetic research through interdisciplinary collaboration to enable personalized treatment, equitable diagnostic access, and improved outcomes for affected individuals.

Etienne Pays proposes that the lipid-interacting proteins of the APOL families specifically control cellular membrane dynamics involved in processes linked to immunity, like antigen presentation, inflammation, mitophagy, and apoptosis. Dysfunctions in these activities are responsible for diseases such as kidney disease, liver fibrosis, or increased sensitivity to trypanosome infection.