Figure 1. Imaging of perivascular inflammation of the left internal carotid artery at diagnosis and at 4 wk of treatment. (A–F) At diagnosis: circumferential parietal thickening (white arrows) of the left carotid artery wall on axial cervical More about this image found in Imaging of perivascular inflammation of the left internal carotid artery at...

Figure 1. Summary of the evolution of genetic techniques used for IEI diagnosis. CNV, copy-number variant; NGS: next-generation sequencing; SVs: structural variants; TGPs: targeted gene panels; VUS: variants of uncertain significance; WES: More about this image found in Summary of the evolution of genetic techniques used for IEI diagnosis. CNV...

Figure 2. Key considerations in IEI genetic testing. A diagram shows the six sections in I E I genetic testing. The diagram is divided into six sections, each with a specific focus. Section 1, labeled “Targeted Approach,” emphasizes More about this image found in Key considerations in IEI genetic testing. A diagram shows the six sect...

Figure 3. Summary of communication and counseling. GoF: gain-of-function; LoF: loss-of-function. Diagram of genetic counseling in I E I. Diagram titled “Keys of Genetic Counseling in I E I” divided into three main sections: Pre-Test More about this image found in Summary of communication and counseling. GoF: gain-of-function; LoF: loss-...

Figure 1. Structural features of APOL1. This scheme represents the secreted APOL1 isoform after removal of its specific N-terminal signal peptide. It also summarizes the structure of the other human APOLs or mAPOLs, none of which appears to be More about this image found in Structural features of APOL1. This scheme represents the secreted APOL1 is...

Figure 2. APOL1 and APOL3 involvement in inflammation and antigen cross-presentation. The cellular detection of pathogen DNA triggers activation, then degradation, of the inflammation stimulator STING. This occurs through PI4P-mediated More about this image found in APOL1 and APOL3 involvement in inflammation and antigen cross-presentation....

Figure 3. The APOL membrane-addressing domain. Identical or similar amino acids shared between most APOLs are highlighted in grey. Despite sequence divergence with other MAD isoforms, the (m)APOL6 and mAPOL9 MADs can also be structured in a More about this image found in The APOL membrane-addressing domain. Identical or similar amino acids shar...

Figure 4. Synergistic APOL3 and GBP1 activities. Both proteins participate in the permeabilization of intracellular bacterial membranes ( 11 ). Given their common interaction properties (double arrowheads), they could hypothetically also More about this image found in Synergistic APOL3 and GBP1 activities. Both proteins participate in the pe...

Figure 5. Molecular ‘arms race’ between African trypanosomes and humans. Human ancestors produced a secreted version of APOL1 to kill the bloodstream parasite T. brucei brucei ( 9 ). Two T. brucei brucei clones, known as T. brucei rhodesiense More about this image found in Molecular ‘arms race’ between African trypanosomes and humans. Human ances...

Figure 1. Clinical details of the patients with a pedigree, images and percentiles . (A) Pedigree of the patient family with a homozygous NCKAP1L mutation identified in both affected children P1 and P2. (B) X-ray with massive More about this image found in Clinical details of the patients with a pedigree, images and percentiles ....

Figure 1. Auto-Ab s neutralizing type I IFNs in 318 WNV-infected individuals from seven new cohorts. (A) Age and sex distribution of individuals in the WNVIC, WNVF, and WNVD groups. (B) Detection of auto-Abs against IFN-α2, IFN-β, and IFN-ω More about this image found in Auto-Ab s neutralizing type I IFNs in 318 WNV-infected individuals from se...

Figure 2. Proportions of individuals with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in seven new cohorts. (A and B) Frequency of individuals carrying auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs at concentrations of 10 ng/ml (A) or 100 pg/ml (B), as determined in More about this image found in Proportions of individuals with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs in seven ...

Figure 3. Numbers of patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs by center, year of enrollment, and lineage in 13 cohorts from five countries. (A) Distribution by year (x axis), recruitment center (colors), and infecting WNV virus lineage More about this image found in Numbers of patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs by center, year ...

Figure 4. Proportions of patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs by sex and age in 13 cohorts from five countries. (A) Prevalence of individuals with auto-Abs neutralizing at least one type I IFN at a concentration of 100 pg/ml (IFN-α2 More about this image found in Proportions of patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs by sex and a...

Figure 5. Frequency of auto-Abs against type I IFNs in the WNVIC, WNVF, and WNVD groups and the two WNVD subgroups (WNVD without evidence of neuroinvasive disease and WNND) relative to the general population in the seven new cohorts and the More about this image found in Frequency of auto-Abs against type I IFNs in the WNVIC, WNVF, and WNVD grou...