Calcium and Facilitation at Two Classes of Crustacean Neuromuscular Synapses

The closer muscle of the crab, Chionoecetes, has at least two classes of excitatory neuromuscular synapses. In one class of synapses an action potential depolarizing the synaptic region releases much more transmitter if it has been preceded recently by another action potential. The other class of synapses shows this property, called facilitation, to a far lesser extent. Immediately after one conditioning stimulus the level of facilitation is similar in both classes. The rate of the ensuing decay of the facilitation is the critical factor differentiating the two classes of synapses. The relationship between external Ca⁺⁺ concentration and transmitter release is similar for both classes of synapses. The slope of a double logarithmic plot of this relationship varies from 3.1 between 5 and 10 mM Ca⁺⁺ to 0.9 between 30 and 40 mM Ca⁺⁺. Facilitation does not significantly change when tested in external Ca⁺⁺ concentrations ranging from 7 to 30 mM. The extracellularly recorded nerve terminal action potential does not increase in amplitude during facilitation. The results suggest that the mechanism of synaptic facilitation is similar for both classes of synapses and occurs after the stage in transmitter release involving Ca⁺⁺.