Figure 2.
The diagram shows various proteins and their interactions. TNF binds to TNFR, activating NEMO and the IKK complex, leading to the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, releasing p50 and p65 to enter the nucleus. TLR activates MyD88, IRAK4, IRAK1, and TRAF6, leading to the phosphorylation of p38 and subsequent nuclear entry of p50 and p65. IFN gamma binds to IFN gamma R1 and IFN gamma R2, activating JAK1 and JAK2, which phosphorylate STAT1. Phosphorylated STAT1 enters the nucleus and, along with IRF1, promotes the transcription of CYBB and TNF.
Signaling pathways regulating the expression and activation of NADPH oxidase subunits. Proteins in which genetic defects have been shown to affect NADPH oxidase expression/activation in humans are highlighted in red. NADPH oxidase core subunits are highlighted in bold red. P, phosphorylation; Ub, ubiquitination.