Panel A contains four scatter plots comparing HLA-DQ risk categories with serological markers and counts of celiac disease (CeD) visits in EHR. Each plot has HLA-DQ risk categories on the vertical axis (High, Moderate, Low) and different measurements on the horizontal axis: tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin A (tTG-IgA) in international units per milliliter, deamidated gliadin peptide immunoglobulin G (DGP-IgG) in international units per milliliter, deamidated gliadin peptide immunoglobulin A (DGP-IgA) in international units per milliliter, and counts of celiac disease (CeD) visits. The plots show mean values (black dots) and 95 percent confidence intervals (lines) for each group, with blue dotted lines indicating a threshold value of 20 international units per milliliter. Panel B is a bubble plot displaying the frequency of comorbid conditions across HLA-DQ risk categories. The horizontal axis represents different conditions, while the vertical axis shows the odds ratio. Bubble size indicates false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted p-values, with the high-risk group as the reference. The plot uses a color gradient to represent odds ratios, ranging from blue to red.
The frequencies of serological markers and comorbid clinical conditions differ between HLA-DQ genotypes in individuals with CeD. (A) ANOVA was performed to compare differences in serological markers (tTG-IgA, DGP-IgA, and DGP-IgG) and the number of clinical events classified as CeD recorded in the EHRs across HLA-DQ genotype categories. Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc test was then performed to obtain mean values (black dots) and 95% CIs (lines) for each group. Blue dashed lines indicate an arbitrary threshold value of 20 IU/ml. Visit counts represent unique encounters documented in the EHR on distinct dates. (B) Frequency of comorbid conditions across HLA-DQ risk categories in CeD patients, grouped into high risk, moderate risk, and low risk. A bubble plot displays the odds ratios and FDR-adjusted P values, using the high-risk group as the reference.