Panel A: A pie chart shows the distribution of dengue patients into three groups: DSS (3.24 percent), DHF (19.44 percent), and DF (77.32 percent), with a total of 216 patients. Panel B: Two scatter plots display the relative luciferase activity in the presence of plasma from dengue patients and healthy controls, with IFN-alpha 2 (left) and IFN-omega (right) at 100 picograms per milliliter. The y-axis represents relative luciferase activity, and the x-axis categorizes the groups: DSS, DHF, DF, and healthy control. Panel C: A timeline diagram outlines the experimental scheme for panels D and E, detailing the steps from plating cells to DENV detection. Panel D: Two box plots show the extracellular DENV-1 RNA copies per milliliter, with the y-axis in logarithmic scale and the x-axis indicating different groups. Panel E: Two box plots illustrate the relative intracellular DENV-1 RNA levels, normalized by GAPDH, with the y-axis in logarithmic scale and the x-axis indicating different groups.
Prevalence of IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω NAbs in dengue patients. (A) The proportion of patients in the DSS, DHF, and DF groups. (B) The neutralization of IFN-α2 (left) and IFN-ω (right) in the presence of plasma from dengue patients (DSS, DHF, and DF groups) or healthy individuals (healthy control group, N = 29) by detecting IRSE-promoter luciferase activity. The relative luciferase activity was normalized by Renilla. The dotted line in panel B indicates the 15% cutoff, with values below 15% considered positive for neutralizing activity. NAb-negative samples were tested once or twice, whereas NAb-positive samples were tested three times to confirm the results. (C) Experimental scheme of D and E. (D and E) The inhibitory effect of dengue patients’ plasma on IFN-regulated antiviral activity in Huh7 cells. The DENV-1 RNA copies in extracellular (D) and intracellular (E). The DENV-1 RNA levels in intracellular were normalized by GAPDH. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The experiment was independently repeated three times. The asterisks indicate statistical significance: *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01.