Panel A shows the percentage of interferon gamma-positive mucosal-associated invariant T cells after stimulation with interleukin-23, interleukin-12, and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin. The horizontal axis represents the different stimulation conditions, and the vertical axis represents the percentage of interferon gamma-positive cells. Panel B displays the percentage of interferon gamma-positive V delta 2-positive gamma delta T cells under similar stimulation conditions. The horizontal axis represents the different stimulation conditions, and the vertical axis represents the percentage of interferon gamma-positive cells. Panel C illustrates the percentage of interferon gamma-positive natural killer cells. The horizontal axis represents the different stimulation conditions, and the vertical axis represents the percentage of interferon gamma-positive cells. Panel D presents the percentage of interleukin-17A-positive lymphocytes after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The horizontal axis represents the different study groups or stimulation conditions, and the vertical axis represents the percentage of interleukin-17A-positive lymphocytes. Panel E shows the levels of interferon gamma in the supernatant after stimulation with interleukin-12, interleukin-23, and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin. The horizontal axis represents the different stimulation conditions, and the vertical axis represents interferon gamma concentration in picograms per milliliter. Each panel includes data from various genotypes, distinguished by different colors and symbols. Significant differences between groups are marked with asterisks, indicating corresponding p-values.
Impaired IFN-γ induction after IL-23 stimulation and mycobacterial infection. (A–C) Freshly thawed PBMCs of the indicated genotypes were stimulated with IL-23 (100 ng/ml) or IL-12 (5 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of BCG for 48 h or with PMA + ionomycin for 6 h. The percent IFN-γ+ cells was assessed: (A) among MAIT cells, (B) among Vδ2+ γδ T cells, (C) and among NK cells. The percentages of IFN-γ+ and TNF+ cells after stimulation with PMA + ionomycin were evaluated as controls. The number of individuals tested per genotype is indicated in each figure. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests were used for analysis, with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001. (D) IL-17A induction in total lymphocytes after the stimulation with PMA of PBMCs of the indicated genotypes. The number of individuals tested per genotype is indicated in each figure. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests were used for analysis, with **P < 0.01. (E) IFN-γ levels in the supernatant were assessed after the stimulation of PBMCs of the indicated genotypes for 48 h with IL-12 (5 ng/ml) or IL-23 (100 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of live Mycobacteriumbovis–BCG (MOI 1) or PMA/ionomycin. The number of individuals tested per genotype is indicated in each figure. Nonparametric Mann–Whitney U tests were used for analysis, with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ****P < 0.0001.