Figure 1.
Panel A: A schematic showing the interaction of neuroligins (NL1, NL2, NL3) in astrocytes and neurons with Biotin and Turbo. The interactome maps display the interactions of astrocyte NL1, NL2, NL3, and neuronal NL2. Panel B: A diagram depicting the ubiquitination of NL2 by Nedd4l at K749 in wildtype astrocytes, leading to proper astrocyte morphology. Panel C: A diagram showing the effect of Nedd4l knockdown or NL2 K749R mutation, resulting in stunted astrocyte morphology.
NLs are functionally diverse, and astrocytic NL2 is ubiquitinated by Nedd4l for proper astrocyte morphogenesis. (A) The authors used in vivo BioID to identify the interactomes for astrocyte NL1–3 and neuronal NL2. (B) In wild-type animals, Nedd4l ubiquitinates NL2 for protein stability, which allows for proper astrocyte morphology. (C) When Nedd4l is knocked down or in NL2 K749R Ub mutants, astrocytes show stunted morphology. Ub, ubiquitination. Created in BioRender. Ray, S. (2026) https://BioRender.com/wkjy20h.