Panel A shows scatter plots of B-cell subsets gated on CD19-positive B cells, with axes labeled immunoglobulin D (IgD) and CD27, comparing healthy controls (HC), mothers, and patients before and after abatacept treatment. Panel B presents bar graphs displaying the percentages of naïve, class-switched memory, unswitched memory B cells, and plasmablasts among HC, mothers, and patients pre- and post-treatment. Panel C includes scatter plots of activated naïve B cells and resting naïve B cells, with axes labeled CD21 and CD11c, comparing HC, mothers, and patients before and after abatacept treatment. Panel D shows bar graphs depicting the proportions of various B-cell subsets among donors. Panel E presents scatter plots of CD19-positive CD21-low CD38-low B cells, with axes labeled CD21 and CD38, comparing HC, mothers, and patients before and after abatacept treatment. Panel F includes bar charts showing percentages (percentages) of CD21-low CD38-low B cells and CD21-low CD11c-positive B cells among HC, mothers, and patients before and after abatacept treatment. Panel G shows a scatter plot for correlation analysis between type 1-like circulating follicular helper T cells and CD21-low CD38-low B-cell frequencies, with axes labeled type 1-like circulating follicular helper T cells (percentages) and CD21-low CD38-low B cells (percentages). Panel H presents bar graphs analyzing the distribution of DN1, DN2, and DN3 B-cell subsets across all donors before and after abatacept treatment.
Abatacept partially normalizes B cell phenotype and reduces activated cell subsets in the CTLA4 S172P/S172P patient. (A) Representative plots illustrate naïve B cells (IgD+CD27−), class-switched memory B cells (IgD−CD27+), and unswitched memory B cells (IgD+CD27+) across HCs, mothers, and patients before and after abatacept treatment (12 mo). (B) Bar charts display the percentages of naïve, class-switched memory, unswitched memory B cells, and plasmablasts in HC, mothers, and patients before and after treatment. (C) Representative plots show activated naïve B cells (CD19+CD10−IgD+CD27−CD21−CD11c+) and resting naïve B cells (CD19+CD10−IgD+CD27−CD21+CD11c−). (D) Bar graphs depict the proportions of activated naïve, resting naïve, activated memory, resting memory, atypical memory, and intermediate memory B cells among donors. (E) Representative plots illustrate CD19+CD21lowCD38low B cells. (F) Bar charts show percentages of CD21lowCD38low B cells and CD21lowCD11c+ B cells in HC, mothers, and patients before and after abatacept. (G) Correlation analysis between TH1-like cTFH cells and CD21lowCD38low B cell frequencies was performed using Spearman’s correlation. The color codes are blue for patient before abatacept, purple for patient after abatacept, red for mother, and black for HC. (H) Distribution of DN1, DN2, and DN3 B cell subsets across all donors is analyzed before and after abatacept treatment.