A world map highlighting regions in North America, Europe, and parts of Asia where 10 patients with biallelic loss-of-function OSMR variants are located. An illustration of a child experiencing symptoms such as food allergies, severe atopic dermatitis, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease, recurrent infections, elevated IgE levels, and eosinophilia. A diagram comparing healthy JAK-STAT signaling with OSMR beta deficiency. In the healthy state, OSM and IL-31 interact with their respective receptors (OSMR beta and IL-31R alpha) leading to normal signaling. In OSMR beta deficiency, the interaction is disrupted, leading to loss of STAT signaling and an altered transcriptional landscape.