Panel A: Confocal microscopy images showing wing discs with O P P signal, E G F P domains, and D A P I nuclei in control, f z r, and r u x conditions. Panel B: Scatter plot showing mean intensity of O P P across control, f z r overexpression, and r u x overexpression conditions. Panel C: Confocal microscopy images showing X b p 1-d s R e d reporter with G F P and D A P I in control, f z r, and r u x conditions. Panel D: Scatter plot quantifying mean intensity of X b p 1-d s R e d signal across control, f z r, and r u x conditions. Panel E: Scatter plot showing percentage of clones with strong X b p 1-d s R e d signal across different experimental conditions. Panel F: Confocal microscopy images showing f z r overexpression with l a c Z or X b p 1 co-expression labeled with G F P, M m p 1, and D A P I. Panel G: Confocal microscopy images showing r u x overexpression with l a c Z or X b p 1 co-expression labeled with G F P, M m p 1, and D A P I. Panel H: Scatter plot quantifying mean intensity of M m p 1 signal in f z r overexpression conditions. Panel I: Scatter plot quantifying mean intensity of M m p 1 signal in r u x overexpression conditions.
ER stress is a potential source of ROS in induced polyploid cells. (A) Representative confocal images of control (+), fzr-OE, and rux-OE wing discs stained for OPP (red) to label active protein synthesis. EGFP marks expression domains (green), and DAPI stains nuclei (blue). (B) Quantification of OPP signal intensity shown in control (n = 10), fzr-OE (n = 8), and rux-OE (n = 15). (C) Expression of the ER stress reporter Xbp1-dsRed (red) in control (+), fzr-OE, and rux-OE clones (GFP, green); DAPI marks nuclei (blue). (D) Quantification of Xbp1-dsRed signal intensity in control (ctrl) (n = 17), fzr-OE (n = 76), and rux-OE (n = 37). (E) Percentage of control (n = 10), fzr-OE (n = 11), and rux-OE (n = 7) clones exhibiting strong Xbp1-dsRed signal. (F and G) Confocal images of wing discs expressing fzr-OE (F) or rux-OE (G) with lacZ-OE or Xbp1-OE. Clones are labeled with GFP (green); tissues are stained for Mmp1 (gray) and DAPI (blue). (H and I) Quantification of Mmp1 signal intensity in discs shown in F and G, respectively. Data are mean ± SEM analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test in two groups and one-way ANOVA in three groups. *** represents P value = 0.0008; **** represents P value ≤0.0001. Scale bars: 20 μm.