Figure 1.
A multi-part image shows the behavior of polyploid cells in wing disc tissues. Panel A: Schematic diagram showing induction of polyploid cells in wing disc using h h t s drives m G F P with f z r or r u x overexpression. Panel B: Confocal microscopy images showing wing discs with f z r or r u x overexpression stained with m G F P, C i, and D A P I. Panel C: Time lapse microscopy images showing dynamic movement of l a c Z, f z r, and r u x overexpression clones using A c t double arrow G F P. Panel D: Scatter plot showing relative centroid displacement speed of l a c Z, f z r, and r u x overexpression clones. Panel E: Scatter plot showing maximum protrusion length of l a c Z, f z r, and r u x overexpression clones. Panel F: Confocal microscopy images showing morphology and protrusive activity of l a c Z, f z r, and r u x overexpression clones labeled with G F P and D A P I.

Induced polyploid cells exhibit dynamic cell behavior in epithelial tissues. (A) Schematic showing induction of polyploidy via fzr-OE or rux-OE in the posterior compartment of the wing disc using hhts>Gal4, with subsequent appearance of cells in the anterior compartment. (B) Representative confocal images of wing imaginal discs expressing fzr-OE or rux-OE under hhts>Gal4, compared with control (+). Discs were stained for Ci (red) to mark the anterior compartment and DAPI (blue) to label nuclei. mGFP (green) marks the expression domain. White arrows indicate cells detected in the anterior compartment. (C) Time-lapse images of wing disc and discs expressing lacZ-OE, fzr-OE, or rux-OE clones (green) using Act>>GFP. White and magenta dashed regions indicate fzr-OE or rux-OE clones showing dynamic displacement overtime. (D) Quantification of relative centroid displacement speed (distance [μm] per minute) for lacZ-OE (n = 18), fzr-OE (n = 16), and rux-OE (n = 17) clones. (E) Quantification of maximum protrusion length of lacZ-OE (n = 38), fzr-OE (n = 31), and rux-OE (n = 28) clones during dynamic protrusive activity. (F) Confocal images of lacZ-OE, fzr-OE, and rux-OE clones generated by Act>>GFP, showing diverse morphologies and evidence of protrusive activity. GFP (green, LUT) marks clone cells; DAPI (blue) marks nuclei. White arrows indicate protrusions. Data are mean ± SEM and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA across three groups. **** represents P value ≤ 0.0001; ** represents P value = 0.0016. Scale bars: 20 μm.

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