Panel A: A scatter bar plot comparing the fold expression of Ifnb in WT and VRAC KO BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures fold expression. WT and VRAC KO BMDMs are represented by open and filled circles, respectively. Panel B: A scatter bar plot comparing the fold expression of Cxcl10 in WT and VRAC KO BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures fold expression. WT and VRAC KO BMDMs are represented by open and filled circles, respectively. Panel C: A scatter bar plot comparing the fold expression of Rsad2 in WT and VRAC KO BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures fold expression. WT and VRAC KO BMDMs are represented by open and filled circles, respectively. Panel D: A scatter bar plot comparing the concentration of CXCL10 in the supernatant of WT and VRAC KO BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures CXCL10 concentration in ng per mL. WT and VRAC KO BMDMs are represented by open and filled circles, respectively. Panel E: A scatter bar plot comparing the relative expression of M1 in WT and VRAC KO BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures relative expression. WT and VRAC KO BMDMs are represented by open and filled circles, respectively. Panel F: A scatter bar plot comparing the relative expression of M2 in WT and VRAC KO BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures relative expression. WT and VRAC KO BMDMs are represented by open and filled circles, respectively. Panel G: A scatter bar plot comparing the fold expression of Lrrc8a in WT BMDMs. The horizontal axis has two categories: Mock and IAV. The vertical axis measures fold expression. Panel H: A western blot showing the expression of viperin and beta-actin in WT BMDMs treated with lipofectamine 3000 complexes in the presence of punicalagin or vehicle control.
Macrophage cell volume control influences antiviral responses to influenza A (IAV) infection. (A–C) WT and VRAC KO BMDMs were infected with IAV (MOI 10, 24 h) or mock-treated. qRT-PCR analysis for Ifnb (A), Cxcl10 (B), and Rsad2 (C) (n = 5). (D) CXCL10 ELISA from supernatant from IAV (MOI 10, 24 h) or mock-infected WT and VRAC KO BMDMs (n = 6). (E and F) qRT-PCR analysis of the IAV-derived transcripts M1 (E) and M2 (F) from experiments (A–C) (n = 5). (G) qRT-PCR analysis for Lrrc8a in WT BMDMs infected with IAV (MOI 5, 6 h) (n = 5). (H) Western blot for viperin in WT BMDMs treated with empty Lipofectamine 3000 (Lipo, 0.5% vol/vol) complexes in the presence of the membrane-stabilizing agent punicalagin (Puni, 50 µM) or vehicle control (DMSO, 0.5% vol/vol) (6 h) (n = 3). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, determined by a two-way ANOVA with Sidak’s post hoc analysis (8A–8F), or by Student’s t test (8 G). Values shown are the mean ± the SEM. Source data are available for this figure: SourceData F8.