Figure 1.
The central box labeled Immune Dysregulation in Individuals with Down Syndrome is surrounded by various conditions and states. On the left, under Autoimmunity, conditions include Alopecia Areata, Thyroid Disorders, Celiac disease, Hydradenitis suppurativa, Arthritis, and Alzheimers Disease and Down Syndrome Regression Disorder. On the right, under Autoinflammation, conditions include Cutaneous inflammation and Neuroinflammation. Above, under Dysregulated Immune State, conditions include Prolonged and severe infections, Hyper inflammation, T and B cell lymphopenia including decreased switched memory B cells, Chronic cytokinopathy, Thymic hypoplasia, Dysgammaglobulinemia, and Variable vaccination response.
Schematic explanation of immune dysregulation in patients with DS.