Panel A shows a schematic of the experimental design involving VNAM pretreatment followed by fecal microbiota transplantation, indicating donor and recipient groups and the timeline (no explicit axes shown). Panel B shows a scatter plot of total bacterial load measured by 16S ribosomal RNA gene copies during the fecal microbiota transplantation course, where the x-axis represents time in days and the y-axis represents 16S ribosomal DNA gene copies per gram. Panel C shows a scatter bar plot of the number of ILC3s in the small intestine lamina propria of wild type and Lingo4 knockout mice after fecal microbiota transplantation, where the x-axis represents experimental groups and the y-axis represents number of ILC3s. Panel D shows a scatter bar plot of the frequency of interleukin 22 positive ILC3s, where the x-axis represents experimental groups and the y-axis represents percentage of interleukin 22 positive ILC3s. Panel E shows a scatter bar plot of the frequency of interleukin 17 positive ILC3s, where the x-axis represents experimental groups and the y-axis represents percentage of interleukin 17 positive ILC3s. Panel F shows a principal coordinates analysis plot based on Bray Curtis dissimilarity illustrating microbiota composition, where the x-axis represents principal coordinate 1 (47.55 percent) and the y-axis represents principal coordinate 2 (18.07 percent). Panel G shows stacked bar plots of family level fecal microbiota composition across different experimental groups, where the x-axis represents groups and the y-axis represents relative abundance. Panel H shows a bar plot of differentially enriched taxa in Lingo4 knockout mice identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size, where the x-axis represents LDA score (log base 10) and the y-axis represents taxa. Panel I shows a bar plot of differentially enriched taxa in wild type mice identified by linear discriminant analysis effect size, where the x-axis represents LDA score (log base 10) and the y-axis represents taxa.
Microbiota transplantation partially rescues the Lingo4 −/− ILC3 phenotype. (A and B) VNAM pretreatment and FMT scheme (A) and total bacterial load measured by 16S rRNA gene copies across the FMT course (B). n = 3. (C–E) Frequencies of total ILC3s (C), IL-22+ ILC3s (D), and IL-17+ ILC3s (E) in siLP of WT and Lingo4−/− mice after 3 wk of FMT. Mean ± SEM, n = 3–4. (F and G) Bray–Curtis PCoA (F) and family-level fecal microbiota composition (G) of mice from A. n = 4. “WT” refers to wild-type mice and “KO” refers to Lingo4−/− mice. (H and I) Differentially enriched taxa in Lingo4−/− (H) and WT (I) mice by LEfSe. n = 4. (A–E) Statistical significance was assessed using unpaired two-tailed t tests or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. PCoA, principal coordinates analysis.