O R s for the presence of auto-Abs in the WNVD group relative to the general population. (A–D) ORs for the presence of auto-Abs in the WNVD group and the two WNVD subgroups (WNVD without evidence of neuroinvasive disease and WNV neuroinvasive disease, WNND) relative to the general population, adjusted for age and sex with Firth’s bias-corrected logistic regression, in the seven new cohorts (A) and the overall study population consisting of 13 cohorts (B). ORs for the presence of auto-Abs in the WNND group and the four WNND subgroups (WNE, WNV encephalitis; WNM, WNV meningitis; AFP, acute flaccid paralysis; UNS, unspecified neurological syndrome) in the seven new cohorts (C) and in the overall study population consisting of 13 cohorts (D) relative to the general population, also adjusted for age and sex via logistic regression. Horizontal bars represent the 95% CI limits. IFN-α, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α2 (regardless of effects on other IFNs); IFN-ω, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-ω; IFN-α ± ω ± β, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω and/or IFN-β; IFN-α + ω, auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-α2 and IFN-ω. ns, nonsignificant; ****P < 10⁻⁴.