IFN-I inflammation in patient skin biopsies. (A) DEGs for each cluster were used to manually annotate the different clusters and then spatially visualized with one representative control (top). Percent composition of each cluster was calculated per biopsy (bottom). (B) Percentage of spots out of total biopsy that express each of the mentioned ISGs. (C) Localized expression and intensity levels of IFI44L. (D) Spatial expression of various ISGs. Red spots express at least one of the following ISGs: IFIT1, USP18, MX1, IFI27, IFI44L, or OAS1. White spots represent spots that do not express any of those ISGs. (E) Percentages of spots out of total biopsy, epidermis only, and dermis only that express IFNB1. P values were calculated with two-tailed t test. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.