Cation selectivity evaluation in NavAb N49K/T206A-M181A, S178A NK/TA -M181A, and S178G NK/TA -M181A mutants. (A) Representative current traces obtained from the ramp protocol in the solutions of 150 mM [Li+]out and 150 mM [Na+]in. Background (BG) indicates N49K/T206A/Met181 mutant without the Ser178 mutation. (B) The relative permeability of each cation to Na+ (PX/PNa ratios, X represents Li, K, Cs, or Ca) in each NavAb M181A mutant, calculated from the reversal potentials that were obtained by the ramp pulses shown in A. (C) Cation selectivity of BG and each Ser178 mutant, with the results of Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. P values <0.01 and no significant differences are indicated by ** and NS, respectively.