The impaired tumor control as a result of Zbtb32 deficiency in T cells is rescued in ICB treatment. (A) Schematic diagram of anti–PD-1 treatment assay in B16-OVA tumor-bearing mice, transferred with 3 × 105 WT or 3 × 105Zbtb32−/− naïve OT-I cells before 1 × 106 B16-OVA cells inoculation. (B) Tumor growth in mice transplanted with 1 × 106 B16-OVA cells after the transfer of 0.3 × 106 naïve WT or Zbtb32−/− OT-I cells, with or without anti–PD-1 treatment (n = 6 for each group). (C) Comparison of tumor volumes in WT and Zbtb32−/− mice treated with ICB with those in untreated mice. (D) Representative plots of TCF1 and Tim-3, Ly108, and Cx3CR1 expression in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I TILs with or without anti-PD1 treatment. (E) Expressions of TCF1 and Tim-3, Ly108, and Cx3CR1 in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I TILs with or without anti–PD-1 treatment (n = 6 for each group). (F) Quantifications of cell number, Tpex and Ttex cell number in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I in TME or DLN with or without anti-PD1 treatment (n = 6 for each group). (G) MFI for Ki-67 in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I in TME with or without anti-PD1 treatment. (H) Representative plots of IFNγ and GzmB expression in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I TILs with or without anti-PD1 treatment. (I) Expressions of IFNγ, GzmB, MFI of Ki-67 and IL-2 in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I in TME with or without anti-PD1 treatment (n = 6 for each group). (J) Expression of TCF1 and IFNγ in WT and Zbtb32−/− OT-I in DLN with or without anti–PD-1 treatment (n = 6 for each group). Data are shown as means ± SEM; ns, not significant; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001 by Bonferroni-corrected two-way ANOVA (B), unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test (C, E, F, I, and J). Data shown in all graphs are a representative of two independent experiments.