Capacity of plasma samples from individuals with HIV to neutralize IFN-I . Plasma samples from individuals with HIV-1 infection tested for their ability to neutralize five different conditions of IFN-I by applying plasma to HEK293T cells for 16 h. Neutralization was defined as a response below 15% of normalized relative luciferase activity (RLA ratio), represented as a dotted line in each panel. All samples were tested once in a dual luciferase assay. (A–C) RLA ratio (%) plotted, with values below 15% indicating neutralization. Each panel represents samples tested at the specific IFN-I condition as specified. (D–F) Pie charts summarizing the percentage and combination of IFN-I conditions neutralized per individual plasma sample.