Fibroblast subclusters’ marker genes, WGCNA analysis, and comparisons against public datasets. (A) Expression of marker genes in fibroblast subclusters by disease conditions. (B) Fluorescence immunohistochemistry images of human TB granuloma showing nuclear staining (DAPI), protein expression of COL1A1, and the MMP1⁺CXCL5⁺ fibroblast subcluster-specific genes MMP1, MMP3, TDO2, and PI15. Scale bars: 200 μm (left), 500 μm (middle), and 200 μm (right). (C) Top 25 hub genes by eigen-based connectivity (kME) in each fibroblast WGCNA module. Correlation between each module based on their MEs, a metric representing the expression of each module in each cell. (D) WGCNA module expression across fibroblast subclusters and HIV status in TB samples. (E) Evaluation of all WGCNA module expression in NHP TB granuloma fibroblasts from samples gathered at 10 wk compared with 4 wk. Two-sided Mann–Whitney U test without correction was used on each module. Statistical annotations: P value < 0.001 (***) and P value < 0.0001 (****).