Schematic models of GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes. (A) In response to insulin stimulation, Rab10 mediates GLUT4 translocation to the PM via GSVs, and Rab14 does so via TfR-positive endosomal compartments. Rab4A, Rab4B, and Rab8A mediate GLUT4 recycling after endocytosis. (B) After being activated inside the cell, Rab10 attaches to GSVs, recruits myosin-Va, and releases the intracellular retention of the vesicles. GSVs then move along microtubules close to the PM. In the periphery, GSVs transition to actin filaments beneath the PM and use myosin-Va to get into sites on the PM, where docking and fusion machineries are located.