Figure 5.
Figure 5. Chromosome and NPC movements. (A) Yeast-like cells of U. maydis at various cell cycle stages. The position of the nucleus is marked by a fluorescent nuclear reporter (nRFP, red). Images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. The bar represents 5 µm. (B) Bar chart showing NPC motility rates in U. maydis at various cell cycle stages. Bars are given as mean ± SEM (n = 70–169 cells). *, significant difference to S phase at P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001. (C) Image series showing motility of histone4-GFP (green, H4) labeled chromosomes. The nuclear interior was visualized by the reporter protein nlsRFP (nRFP, red). The first frame shows a partially photobleached nucleus (bleach area is indicated by yellow circle and “Bleach”). Images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. Note that right image series is a more processed version of the right series which was modified using Imaris software. See also Video 9. Time is given in seconds; bar represents micrometers. (D) Rearrangement of chromosomes (labeled with histone4-GFP, green, H4) in the presence of the solvent DMSO and the ionophore CCCP that leads to depletion of cellular ATP. Immobile DNA appears yellow in the overlay (merge) of two images at t = 0 and t = 1 s. Deconvolved images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. Time is given in seconds; bar represents micrometers. (E) Bar chart showing the degree of colocalization of chromosomes after 1 s CCCP treatment. Rearrangement is significantly reduced when ATP is depleted. Bars are given as mean ± SEM (n = 50 from a single representative experiment out of two repeats). ***, significant difference at P < 0.0001. (F) Image series showing motility of histone4-mCherry–labeled chromosomes (green) and Nup107-GFP nuclear pores (red). A nuclear pore moves together with a chromosome (arrowheads). Images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. See also Video 10. Time is given in seconds; bar represents micrometers.

Chromosome and NPC movements. (A) Yeast-like cells of U. maydis at various cell cycle stages. The position of the nucleus is marked by a fluorescent nuclear reporter (nRFP, red). Images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. The bar represents 5 µm. (B) Bar chart showing NPC motility rates in U. maydis at various cell cycle stages. Bars are given as mean ± SEM (n = 70–169 cells). *, significant difference to S phase at P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001. (C) Image series showing motility of histone4-GFP (green, H4) labeled chromosomes. The nuclear interior was visualized by the reporter protein nlsRFP (nRFP, red). The first frame shows a partially photobleached nucleus (bleach area is indicated by yellow circle and “Bleach”). Images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. Note that right image series is a more processed version of the right series which was modified using Imaris software. See also Video 9. Time is given in seconds; bar represents micrometers. (D) Rearrangement of chromosomes (labeled with histone4-GFP, green, H4) in the presence of the solvent DMSO and the ionophore CCCP that leads to depletion of cellular ATP. Immobile DNA appears yellow in the overlay (merge) of two images at t = 0 and t = 1 s. Deconvolved images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. Time is given in seconds; bar represents micrometers. (E) Bar chart showing the degree of colocalization of chromosomes after 1 s CCCP treatment. Rearrangement is significantly reduced when ATP is depleted. Bars are given as mean ± SEM (n = 50 from a single representative experiment out of two repeats). ***, significant difference at P < 0.0001. (F) Image series showing motility of histone4-mCherry–labeled chromosomes (green) and Nup107-GFP nuclear pores (red). A nuclear pore moves together with a chromosome (arrowheads). Images were subject to adjustment in brightness, contrast, and gamma settings. See also Video 10. Time is given in seconds; bar represents micrometers.

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