Figure 1.
Figure 1. Inhibitors of SphKs block actin assembly and apoptotic cell extrusion. (A and B) Alexa Fluor 488–labeled cell fragments (green) prepared from MDCK cells pretreated with DMSO (A) or SKI II (B) were added to an intact MDCK monolayer. Arrows point to added cell fragments. (C) The percentage of cell fragments causing actin assembly from three independent experiments; n = 100 cell fragments per experiment and error bars are standard deviations (SDs). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. (D and E) Extrusion in an MDCK monolayer in the presence of DMSO (D) or SKI II (E). Arrows point to active caspase-3–positive dying cells in each case. (F) Quantification of nonextruded active caspase-3–positive apoptotic cells with DMSO or SphK inhibitor treatment from three independent experiments; n = 100, error bars = SDs. ***, P < 0.001. Bars, 10 µm.

Inhibitors of SphKs block actin assembly and apoptotic cell extrusion. (A and B) Alexa Fluor 488–labeled cell fragments (green) prepared from MDCK cells pretreated with DMSO (A) or SKI II (B) were added to an intact MDCK monolayer. Arrows point to added cell fragments. (C) The percentage of cell fragments causing actin assembly from three independent experiments; n = 100 cell fragments per experiment and error bars are standard deviations (SDs). *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. (D and E) Extrusion in an MDCK monolayer in the presence of DMSO (D) or SKI II (E). Arrows point to active caspase-3–positive dying cells in each case. (F) Quantification of nonextruded active caspase-3–positive apoptotic cells with DMSO or SphK inhibitor treatment from three independent experiments; n = 100, error bars = SDs. ***, P < 0.001. Bars, 10 µm.

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