Pcdh19 and Ncad morphants exhibit similar phenotypes. (A–C) Lateral views of the head of 28-hpf embryos. Wild-type embryos (A) exhibit a smooth hindbrain and well-formed midbrain/hindbrain and optic tectum. The midbrain and hindbrain regions are severely perturbed in pcdh19 (B) and ncad (C) morphants. Bar, 250 µm. (D–F) Anterior views of wild-type embryos (D) show a smooth neural rod along the dorsal midline. The brain of pcdh19 morphants (E) has a Y shape. Embryos morphant for ncad (F) have an appearance similar to that of pcdh19 morphants, exhibiting a T or mushroom shape. Bar, 150 µm. (G–I) Five-somite embryos labeled for pax2.1 and krox20. The neural plate of wild-type embryos (G) has converged substantially and is much narrower than those of pcdh19 (H) or ncad (I) morphants. Bar, 250 µm. (J–L) Expression of pcdh19 and ncad overlaps in the anterior neural plate. Embryos at the five-somite stage were labeled with riboprobes against pcdh19 (J) or ncad (K). Although ncad is expressed throughout the neural plate, the expression of pcdh19 is restricted to the anterior region of the neural plate. This overlapping expression is also observed by two-color in situ hybridization (L). Bar, 50 µm. Anterior is to the left.