Injury induces p-JNK accumulation in the cell bodies and nuclei of injured neurons. (A–C) VNCs are costained for p-JNK (green) and the nuclear marker Elav (magenta). In both uninjured and injured animals, p-JNK stains the neuropil (A, asterisks and dotted lines), which can be seen surrounding the cell bodies (A, yellow bracket). (A) p-JNK appears in motoneuron cell bodies within 12 h after injury. Bar, 25 µm. (B) This p-JNK staining is abolished by expression of bsk-RNAi (Dietzl et al., 2007) in neurons. (C) Mutations in wnd (wnd1/wnd3) inhibit the cell body accumulation of p-JNK after injury. The bright dots in the nuclei are fixation artifacts. (D) Quantification of p-JNK intensity in the cell body before (white bars) and 12 h after (black bars) injury. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.001; ***, P < 0.0001. Error bars indicate mean ± SEM.
