Figure 1.

Occludin endocytosis begins 90 min after TNF administration and precedes intestinal fluid accumulation. (A) Jejunum was harvested from wild-type mice at the indicated times after intraperitoneal injection of 5 µg TNF and labeled for claudin proteins or E-cadherin (green), ZO-1 or F-actin (red), and nuclei (blue). (B) As in A, jejunal sections were labeled for occludin (green), F-actin (red), and nuclei (blue). (C) Jejunal sections were harvested and labeled as in B. TNF treatment leaves large regions of the tight junction completely lacking in occludin (arrows). (D) Jejunal epithelia were isolated from wild-type mice 120 min after injection with saline or TNF and analyzed via immunoblotting. (E) Number of occludin-containing vesicles (black circles) was assessed morphometrically, and fluid accumulation (white boxes) was measured as weight/length ratio (n = 4). Error bars indicate mean ± SEM. Bars, 10 µm.

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