The cortical actin array is remodeled continuously. Representative epidermal cell from a 5-d-old, dark-grown hypocotyl expressing GFP-fABD2 was observed with time-lapse VAEM. Successive images were made at ∼3-s intervals and every third image is depicted. Actin filament behaviors such as rapid growth (open arrowheads), buckling and straightening (red dots and asterisk), and severing activity (arrows) are marked. Collectively, this dynamic actin behavior resulted in rather short filament lifetimes (<30 s) and constant remodeling of the cortical array. Time points indicate the elapsed time from start of video sequence. See also Video 2 (available) for the full time-lapse series. Bar, 2 µm.