Schema illustrating that regulation of proliferation, survival, and migration in hPAECs depends on cross talk between BMP and Wnt pathways. (A) BMP-2 and Wnt3a promote an increase in β-C–mediated transcriptional activity and up-regulate gene targets involved in proliferation and survival. (B) However, migration is the result of a Smad1 or, with reduced BMPRII, a Smad3-dependent recruitment of Dvl, which allows selective activation of RhoA, Rac1, and downward targets involved with cytoskeletal reorganization and cell motility.