Figure 1.

Negative staining of MTs formed in vitro. (A–F) 1A, growing polymers. 1B, MTs after minutes of depolymerization, showing frayed MT ends. Fig. 1 C: An oligomer formed during depolymerization. 1D, 13 protofilaments from a flattened MT. 1E, Optical diffraction from Fig. 1 D showing lattice parameters. 1F, Portion of Fig. 1 D, filtered and averaged to improve image signal-to-noise. Tubulins are now clearly seen in an array that resembles a diagram of the tubulin lattice, made by unfolding the cylinder and laying it flat. Each bilobed structure is one tubulin monomer. White lines labeled 3, 5, and 13 indicate lines of helical symmetry. A–C from Kirschner et al. (1974), D–F from Erickson (1974b).

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