Representative tomograms of cryo-FIB milled S. cerevisiae cell lamellae showed visible mitochondria-associated cytoplasmic ribosomes. (A) Representative X-Y slices of reconstructed tomograms collected at pixel size 2.638 Å from cryo-FIB milled S. cerevisiae yeast cells grown in different growth conditions (i.e., fermentative and respiratory) and treatment conditions (i.e., vehicle and CHX). Cytoplasmic ribosomes in close proximity to the OMM are highlighted by white arrowheads. Scale bars = 250 nm. (B) Quantification of the number of ribosomes positioned with the exit tunnel facing the OMM in CHX-treated or vehicle-treated cells grown in respiratory versus fermentative conditions. (C) Representative X-Y slices of reconstructed tomograms collected at pixel size 1.6626 Å from cryo-FIB milled S. cerevisiae grown in fermentative and respiratory conditions and treated with CHX (100 μg/ml) displaying subcellular features such as mitochondria, ribosomes, the ER, and the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic ribosomes in close proximity to the OMM are highlighted by white arrowheads. Scale bars = 250 nm. (D) FSC plot (top) of the 80S cytoplasmic ribosome reconstruction is shown with resolution reported at 0.143 FSC and the reconstructed subtomogram average (bottom left). The 80S cytoplasmic ribosome was resolved to 8 Å from 35,784 ribosome particles with the color map (bottom right) showing the local resolution. (E) A subset of representative models of ribosomes positioned with their exit tunnels optimally positioned for protein import at the OMM surface. (F) Serial 10-fold dilutions of fluorescently-labeled mitochondrial strains show similar growth to the parent WT (BY4741) cells on a non-fermentable carbon source YPGE (Yeast extract, Peptone, 3% Glycerol, 2% Ethanol).