α-cat-ΔM1 is sufficient to induce binucleation in parental MDCK cells. (A) Confocal images of filter-grown parental MDCK cells stably expressing GFP-α-cat WT or GFP-α-catΔM1 mutants. α-cat/GFP (green), F-actin (magenta) and DNA (gray) reveal abundant binucleation associated with α-catΔM1 expression (yellow asterisks). Maximum z-projection is shown; x-z stacks of shown to right, where yellow arrowhead marks position of optical slice). Scale bar 10 μm. Representative images from multiple independent experiments are shown. (B) Immunoblot of GFP-α-cat construct expression in MDCK parental cells with tubulin loading control. (C) Binucleation rate counted manually across 18 fields of view, where distinct symbol colors reflect different biological replicates. Graph indicates mean ± SD. Statistical significance by t test (P = 0.0089). Source data are available for this figure: SourceData FS8.