12 × 3D-ExM enables the expansion of patient-derived organoids by ∼12-fold. (A) Representative images of patient-derived organoids before and after 12× 3D-ExM. The XY view and XZ view of the z-stack images are shown. The depth of the objects in the z-stack image (distance from the coverslip surface) are labeled with different colors. DNA was stained with DRAQ5. (B) Quantification of the fold change of area and volume of the MCF10A organoids before and after 12× 3D-ExM. n = 20 cells pooled from two color-coded biological replicates. Each dot shown in the quantification plot indicates a single nucleus.