Characteristic features of E. coli strains FW1541 and W3110 cultured in M9 medium supplemented with 0.416% glucose at 30°C. (A) Comparison of cell length, width, and aspect ratio. Data are presented as median values with interquartile ranges. Pooled data from several image fields were used for the analyses. Statistical comparisons were made using unpaired nonparametric Mann–Whitney tests. The median values are labeled and shown as the dashed lines, while the solid lines indicate the interquartile ranges. The P values of each pairwise comparison are labeled on top. W3110, n = 943; FW1541, n = 941. (B) Cell area (left) and aspect ratio (right), respectively, plotted against length and width. Correlations were calculated using the nonparametric Spearman correlation method with 95% confidence intervals. The same image dataset as in Fig. 1, D and E was used for the analysis. r, Spearman coefficient; P: two-tailed probability; n, population size. (C) A positive correlation between cell length and time was observed based on experimental data collected at 15-min intervals. The same image dataset as in Fig. 5, covering a complete cell cycle, was used for the analysis. Simple linear regression was applied to determine the length increase over time. The red line represents the best-fit regression line, while the blue dashed lines represent the errors. (D) A correlation plot of the period versus time was generated based on data from Figs. 1 E and S2 C. The Spearman nonparametric correlation method was used to calculate the correlation with 95% confidence intervals. The red dashed line represents the best-fit regression line. (B−D) R², goodness of fit; r, Spearman coefficient; P: two-tailed; probability. n, population size. (E) Illustration of the cell volume calculation of FW1541.