Load-induced deformation field of microtubule and actin. (a–c) Deformation analysis of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons during creep. (a and c) The local displacement field of the microtubules (green arrows) is overlayed on a series of confocal images of EGFP-tubulin. (b) The local displacement field of the filamentous actin (magenta arrows) is overlayed on a series of confocal images of StayGold-Lifeact. t = 0 sec corresponds to the onset of the creep phase. The cells were either in normal conditions (a and b) or treated with latrunculin B (c). Scales are 0.2 μm (color arrow, for the displacement vector) and 10 μm (white bar, for confocal image). (d–f) The amplitudes of the local displacements of the microtubules in normal conditions (d), the filamentous actin in normal conditions (e), and the microtubules in latrunculin B condition (f) are plotted as a function of the distance from the load position. The solid line showing a slope of −1 is a guide for the eyes. 285 data points from 6 cells (d), 492 data points from 5 cells (e), 177 data points from 5 cells (f) were analyzed.