Figure 1.
KNL-1 localization in the PVD neuron. (A) Schematic of the PVD neuron at the L4 larval stage (top). The bottom left inset shows a cross-sectional view of the PVD, located between the epidermis and body wall muscle (D, dorsal; V, ventral; L, left and R, right). The bottom right inset illustrates the discrete “menorah”-like dendrite branching pattern of the PVD neuron. The two primary (1°) branches emanate in both anterior and posterior directions from the cell body, while the higher-order branches emerge perpendicularly from the pre-existing ones. The axon of the PVD extends ventrally from the cell body and incorporates into the ventral nerve cord. (B) Schematic representing the PVD neuron morphogenesis during the larval stages of C. elegans. PVD development initiates at the L2 larval stage. By the late L2 stage, the anterior and posterior primary branches, along with the axon begin to extend. The primary (1°) dendrites are fully extended by the early L3 stage and secondary (2°) dendrites begin to emerge. During the late L3 and L4 stages, there is extensive branching as the tertiary (3°) and quaternary (4°) branches start growing. By the late L4 larval stage (∼48 h at 20°C) the “menorah” structures are fully formed and dendritic branching completed. (C) Schematic of split-GFP system used to express KNL-1 in the PVD neuron during the development of the neuron (top). The images below show membrane labeled with mScarlet-I (mSca-I) fused to the PH domain of rat PLC1δ1 (magenta) and GFP:KNL-1 (green) within the developing dendrite at the L2 larval stage. The yellow star represents GFP::KNL-1 in the cell body of HSN, another neuron where the unc-86 promoter is active. Scale bar, 5 µm. (D) Schematic (top) showing the anterior menorahs of PVD at L3 stage. Images (below) show the distribution of mSca-I (magenta) and GFP::KNL-1 (green). Arrow highlights 1° dendrite. The images are maximum intensity projections of four z-planes spaced 0.5 µm apart. Scale bar, 5 µm. Insets (right) highlight the 3° dendrites. Arrowheads highlight 3° branch points. Yellow stars represent autofluorescence granules. Scale bar, 2 µm.

KNL-1 localization in the PVD neuron. (A) Schematic of the PVD neuron at the L4 larval stage (top). The bottom left inset shows a cross-sectional view of the PVD, located between the epidermis and body wall muscle (D, dorsal; V, ventral; L, left and R, right). The bottom right inset illustrates the discrete “menorah”-like dendrite branching pattern of the PVD neuron. The two primary (1°) branches emanate in both anterior and posterior directions from the cell body, while the higher-order branches emerge perpendicularly from the pre-existing ones. The axon of the PVD extends ventrally from the cell body and incorporates into the ventral nerve cord. (B) Schematic representing the PVD neuron morphogenesis during the larval stages of C. elegans. PVD development initiates at the L2 larval stage. By the late L2 stage, the anterior and posterior primary branches, along with the axon begin to extend. The primary (1°) dendrites are fully extended by the early L3 stage and secondary (2°) dendrites begin to emerge. During the late L3 and L4 stages, there is extensive branching as the tertiary (3°) and quaternary (4°) branches start growing. By the late L4 larval stage (∼48 h at 20°C) the “menorah” structures are fully formed and dendritic branching completed. (C) Schematic of split-GFP system used to express KNL-1 in the PVD neuron during the development of the neuron (top). The images below show membrane labeled with mScarlet-I (mSca-I) fused to the PH domain of rat PLC1δ1 (magenta) and GFP:KNL-1 (green) within the developing dendrite at the L2 larval stage. The yellow star represents GFP::KNL-1 in the cell body of HSN, another neuron where the unc-86 promoter is active. Scale bar, 5 µm. (D) Schematic (top) showing the anterior menorahs of PVD at L3 stage. Images (below) show the distribution of mSca-I (magenta) and GFP::KNL-1 (green). Arrow highlights 1° dendrite. The images are maximum intensity projections of four z-planes spaced 0.5 µm apart. Scale bar, 5 µm. Insets (right) highlight the 3° dendrites. Arrowheads highlight 3° branch points. Yellow stars represent autofluorescence granules. Scale bar, 2 µm.

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