Increased neuronal activity reduces the number of cisternal organelles in the AIS. (A) Representative images of DIV12 and DIV14 neurons labelled with synpo antibodies for cisternal organelle, the AIS (AnkG) and the somato-dendritic compartment (MAP2). Scale bar is 10 µm. Inset: Zoom-ins corresponding to white dashed rectangular. Black dashed lines indicate the edge of AIS. Scale bar is 10 µm. (B) Quantification of synpo cluster density (left) and number (right) at the AIS of DIV12 and DIV14 neurons. Mean ± SEM, two independent cultures, cluster density: n (DIV12) = 29 cells, n (DIV14) n = 41 cells, cluster number: n (DIV12) = 31 cells, n (DIV14) = 42 cells. Grey dot indicates number of individual cells, cyan triangle indicates mean of each experiment. (C) Quantification of synpo cluster size at the AIS of DIV12 and DIV14 neurons. Mean ± SEM, two independent cultures, DIV12: n = 32 cells, DIV14: n = 40 cells. Grey dot indicates number of individual images, cyan triangle indicates mean of each experiment. (D) Representative images of DIV14 neurons labelled with synpo, AnkG and MAP2. Neurons were treated with KCl and NaCl from DIV12 for 48 h to induce chronic plasticity. Scale bar is 10 µm. Inset: Zoom-ins corresponding to white dashed rectangular. Black dashed lines indicate the edge of AIS. Scale bar is 10 µm. (E) AIS distance from the soma in nonAcD neurons upon induction of chronic plasticity. Mean ± SEM, three independent cultures, n (KCl) = 73 cells, n (NaCl) = 79 cells. Grey dot indicates number of individual cells, cyan triangle indicates mean of each experiment. (F) Quantification of synpo cluster density (left) and number (right) at the AIS of DIV14 neurons upon induction of chronic AIS plasticity. Mean ± SEM, three independent cultures, cluster density: n (KCl) = 73 cells, n (NaCl) = 79 cells, cluster number: n (KCl) = 77 cells, n (NaCl) = 84 cells. Grey dot indicates number of individual cells, cyan triangle indicates mean of each experiment. (G) Quantification of synpo cluster size at the AIS of DIV14 neurons upon induction of chronic AIS plasticity. Mean ± SEM, three independent cultures, KCl: n = 73 cells, NaCl: n = 85 cells. Grey dot indicates number of individual cells, cyan triangle indicates mean of each experiment. (H) Distribution of synpo cluster at the AIS of nonAcD neurons upon induction of chronic plasticity. In total three independent cultures, n (KCl) = 420 clusters from 79 cells, n (NaCl) = 501 clusters from 86 cells. Mann–Whitney test (two-sided): not significant (n.s.) P > 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. More detailed statistical information see Data S1.