Figure 9.
FAO-induced histone acetylation leads to upregulated pericardial upd3 expression. (A) Schematic representation showing the connection between FAO and histone acetylation in a cell. HDAC, histone deacetylase. (B) Increase in the levels of gcn5 and chm, the two genes that code for HAT, in the PCs of HSD-fed flies. The transcript levels are normalized to that of the constitutive ribosomal gene rp49. (C–D″) Compared to that observed in the PCs of ND-fed flies (C–C″), increased levels of H3K9ac (red) are observed in the PCs of HSD-fed flies (D–D″). Prospero (green) marks the PCs. C and D show the expressions of H3K9ac (red) in the PCs (marked with arrows), C′ and D′ show the expression of Prospero (green) in the same PCs, and C″ and D″ represent the merged images of the two colors. (E–F″) Knocking down of whd (E–E″) or knocking it out (F–F″) in the PCs of HSD-fed flies suppresses the increase in the levels of H3K9ac (red) as observed in HSD-fed flies. Prospero (green) marks the PCs. E and F show the expressions of H3K9ac (red) in the PCs (marked with arrows), E′ and F′ show the expression of Prospero (green) in the same PCs, and E″ and F″ represent the merged images of the two colors. (G) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity for H3K9ac in the PCs of HSD-fed flies upon attenuating Whd function in the PCs. The dots represent the number of PCs analyzed for each genotype. (H–J″) Compared with the PCs of ND-fed flies (H–H″), the increased levels of H3K9ac (red) as observed in the PCs of HSD-fed flies (I–I″) experience an appreciable drop upon attenuation of JNK activity in the PCs of HSD-fed flies (J–J″). H, I, and J show the expressions of H3K9ac (red) in the PCs (marked with arrows), H′, I′, and J′ show the expression of Prospero (green) in the same PCs, and H″, I″, and J″ represent merged images of the two colors. (K) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity for H3K9ac in the PCs of HSD-fed flies upon attenuating JNK activity in the PCs. The dots represent the number of PCs analyzed for each genotype. (L) Independent downregulation of gcn5, chm, and AcCoAS in the PCs of HSD-fed flies leads to a remarkable drop in upd3 expression. The transcript levels are normalized to that of the constitutive ribosomal gene rp49. Genotypes are as mentioned. Data are represented as mean ± SD. P values (ns ≥ 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 1 × 10−3) were obtained by unpaired Student’s t test (two-tailed) with Welch’s correction (B) or by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (G, K, and L). Scale bars, 50 μm.

FAO-induced histone acetylation leads to upregulated pericardial upd3 expression. (A) Schematic representation showing the connection between FAO and histone acetylation in a cell. HDAC, histone deacetylase. (B) Increase in the levels of gcn5 and chm, the two genes that code for HAT, in the PCs of HSD-fed flies. The transcript levels are normalized to that of the constitutive ribosomal gene rp49. (C–D″) Compared to that observed in the PCs of ND-fed flies (C–C″), increased levels of H3K9ac (red) are observed in the PCs of HSD-fed flies (D–D″). Prospero (green) marks the PCs. C and D show the expressions of H3K9ac (red) in the PCs (marked with arrows), C′ and D′ show the expression of Prospero (green) in the same PCs, and C″ and D″ represent the merged images of the two colors. (E–F″) Knocking down of whd (E–E″) or knocking it out (F–F″) in the PCs of HSD-fed flies suppresses the increase in the levels of H3K9ac (red) as observed in HSD-fed flies. Prospero (green) marks the PCs. E and F show the expressions of H3K9ac (red) in the PCs (marked with arrows), E′ and F′ show the expression of Prospero (green) in the same PCs, and E″ and F″ represent the merged images of the two colors. (G) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity for H3K9ac in the PCs of HSD-fed flies upon attenuating Whd function in the PCs. The dots represent the number of PCs analyzed for each genotype. (H–J″) Compared with the PCs of ND-fed flies (H–H″), the increased levels of H3K9ac (red) as observed in the PCs of HSD-fed flies (I–I″) experience an appreciable drop upon attenuation of JNK activity in the PCs of HSD-fed flies (J–J″). H, I, and J show the expressions of H3K9ac (red) in the PCs (marked with arrows), H′, I′, and J′ show the expression of Prospero (green) in the same PCs, and H″, I″, and J″ represent merged images of the two colors. (K) Quantification of the mean fluorescence intensity for H3K9ac in the PCs of HSD-fed flies upon attenuating JNK activity in the PCs. The dots represent the number of PCs analyzed for each genotype. (L) Independent downregulation of gcn5, chm, and AcCoAS in the PCs of HSD-fed flies leads to a remarkable drop in upd3 expression. The transcript levels are normalized to that of the constitutive ribosomal gene rp49. Genotypes are as mentioned. Data are represented as mean ± SD. P values (ns ≥ 0.05, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 1 × 10−3) were obtained by unpaired Student’s t test (two-tailed) with Welch’s correction (B) or by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test (G, K, and L). Scale bars, 50 μm.

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